Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is performed with a flexible endoscope and is used to examine the large intestines. The rectum, colon, cecum and ileocecal valve are examined. Colonoscopy is performed after radiographs (X-rays) and abdominal ultrasound if necessary to evaluate patients with weight loss or diarrhea. Endoscopy can diagnose inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcers, or tumors. There can be no fecal content present that would obscure the view. The patient must have food withheld for 24-48 hours and have a oral cathartic the night before the procedure to remove intestinal contents. An enema or lavage is given prior to surgery in an attempt to further cleanse the colon. Biopsies are routinely taken to diagnose diseases.